Touch-screen monitors have become a commonplace as their price has steadily dropped over the past decade. There are three basic systems that are used to recognize a person's touch: Resistive, Capacitive and Surface acoustic wave.
The resistive system consists of a normal glass panel that is covered with a conductive and a resistive metallic layer. These two layers are held apart by spacers, and a scratch-resistant layer is placed on top of the whole setup. An electrical current runs through the two layers while the monitor is operational. When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact in that exact spot.
The change in the electrical field is noted and the coordinates of the point of contact are calculated by the computer. Once the coordinates are known, a special driver translates the touch into something that the operating system can understand, much as a computer mouse driver translates a mouse's movements into a click or a drag.
In the capacitive system, a layer that stores electrical charge is placed on the glass panel of the monitor. When a user touches the monitor with his or her finger, some of the charge is transferred to the user, so the charge on the capacitive layer decreases. This decrease is measured in circuits located at each corner of the monitor. The computer calculates, from the relative differences in charge at each corner, exactly where the touch event took place and then relays that information to the touch-screen driver software.
One advantage that the capacitive system has over the resistive system is that it transmits almost 90 per cent of the light from the monitor, whereas the resistive system only transmits about 75 percent. This gives the capacitive system a much clearer picture than the resistive system.
On the monitor of a surface acoustic wave system, two transducers (one receiving and one sending) are placed along the x and y axes of the monitor's glass plate. Also placed on the glass are reflectors -- they reflect an electrical signal sent from one transducer to the other. The receiving transducer is able to tell if the wave has been disturbed by a touch event at any instant, and can locate it accordingly.
The wave setup has no metallic layers on the screen, allowing for 100-per cent light throughput and perfect image clarity. This makes the surface acoustic wave system best for displaying detailed graphics (both other systems have significant degradation in clarity).
Another area in which the systems differ is in which stimuli will register as a touch event. A resistive system registers a touch as long as the two layers make contact, which means that it doesn't matter if you touch it with your finger or a rubber ball. A capacitive system, on the other hand, must have a conductive input, usually your finger, in order to register a touch. The surface acoustic wave system works much like the resistive system, allowing a touch with almost any object -- except hard and small objects like a pen tip.
As far as price, the resistive system is the cheapest; its clarity is the lowest of the three, and its layers can be damaged by sharp objects. The surface acoustic wave setup is usually the most expensive.
Monday, November 26, 2007
Network infrastructure
Network infrastructure
Communications in data centers these days are most often based on various networks running the Internet Protocol suite. Data centers contain a set of routers and switches that transport traffic between the servers and to the outside world. Redundancy of the Internet connection is often provided by using two or more upstream service providers.
Some of the servers at the data center are used for running the basic internet and intranet services needed by internal users in the organization: e-mail servers, proxy servers, DNS servers, etc.
Network security elements are also usually deployed like firewalls (a firewall is a hardware/ software device which is configured to permit or deny proxy data through a computer network which has different levels of trust). VPN gateways, Intrusion detection systems, etc. Also common are monitoring systems for the network and some of the applications. Additional off-site monitoring systems are also typical, in case of a failure of communications inside the data center.
Applications
Multiple racks of servers, a modern data center and how it commonly looks
The main purpose of a data center is running the applications that handle the core business and operational data of the organization. Such systems may be proprietary and developed internally by the organization, or bought from enterprise software vendors. Such common applications are ERP and CRM systems.
Often these applications will be composed of multiple hosts, each running a single component. Common components of such applications are databases, file servers, application servers, middleware and various others.
Data centers are also used for off-site backups. Companies may subscribe to backup services provided by a data center. This is often used in conjunction with backup tapes. Backups can be taken of servers locally on to tapes. However, tapes stored on site pose a security threat and are also susceptible to fire and flooding. Larger companies may also send their backups off-site for added security. This can be done by backing up to a data center. Encrypted backups can be sent over the internet to data center where they can be stored securely.
Communications in data centers these days are most often based on various networks running the Internet Protocol suite. Data centers contain a set of routers and switches that transport traffic between the servers and to the outside world. Redundancy of the Internet connection is often provided by using two or more upstream service providers.
Some of the servers at the data center are used for running the basic internet and intranet services needed by internal users in the organization: e-mail servers, proxy servers, DNS servers, etc.
Network security elements are also usually deployed like firewalls (a firewall is a hardware/ software device which is configured to permit or deny proxy data through a computer network which has different levels of trust). VPN gateways, Intrusion detection systems, etc. Also common are monitoring systems for the network and some of the applications. Additional off-site monitoring systems are also typical, in case of a failure of communications inside the data center.
Applications
Multiple racks of servers, a modern data center and how it commonly looks
The main purpose of a data center is running the applications that handle the core business and operational data of the organization. Such systems may be proprietary and developed internally by the organization, or bought from enterprise software vendors. Such common applications are ERP and CRM systems.
Often these applications will be composed of multiple hosts, each running a single component. Common components of such applications are databases, file servers, application servers, middleware and various others.
Data centers are also used for off-site backups. Companies may subscribe to backup services provided by a data center. This is often used in conjunction with backup tapes. Backups can be taken of servers locally on to tapes. However, tapes stored on site pose a security threat and are also susceptible to fire and flooding. Larger companies may also send their backups off-site for added security. This can be done by backing up to a data center. Encrypted backups can be sent over the internet to data center where they can be stored securely.
Digital Signage: An overview
Digital signage is regarded as a virtual marketplace for out-of-home advertising where highly effective contents and messages are displayed on an electronic screen or in a digital format. , can be changed without modification to the physical sign, typically with the goal of delivering targeted messages to specific locations at specific times.
A biggest advantage is that Digital signage offers superior returns on the investments made. It is seen on the higher side when compared to traditional means like home TV, radio, newspapers etc. Digital signs may be scrolling message boards, LCD or plasma display panels, electronic billboards, projection screens, or other emerging display types like living surfaces or Organic LED screens (OLEDs) that can be controlled electronically using a computer, allowing individuals or groups to remotely change and control their content (usually via the web medium).
The content displayed on digital signage screens can range from simple text and still images to full-motion video, with or without the audio help. Some operators of digital signage networks --the retail industry in particular-- regard their networks as comparable to TV channels that display entertainment and information contents interspersed with advertisements.
Digital signage, where can it be different used?
1. Information (airports, stations and bus depots etc.);
2. Locational Advertising (in-store promotional advg. in a big retail establishment like malls, super bazaars);
3. Advertising by Third Parties (Digital Advertising Companies that sell advertising space to local merchants/service providers, media resellers and national advertisers);
4. Enhanced Customer Experience (include digital signage in restaurant waiting areas to reduce perceived wait-time and recipe demonstrations in food stores);
5. Influencing Customer Behavior (include post office digital signage that directs patrons waiting in line to automated stamp machines and retail digital signage designed to direct customers to different areas of the store, increasing the time spent on the store premises (dwell time)
6. Brand Building (include Niketown stores where digital signage in video form is used as a part of the store décor to build a story around the brand);
7. Follow-through campaign information to store manager (within chain establishment).
However, amidst all this developments, a point that deserves to be noted is the price-reduction of large plasma and LCD screens and the availability of Internet. These factors have, more or less, helped digital signage to gain in popularity, and displays can now be found in such diverse locations as retail outlets, transit hubs (like airports or bus stations), doctor's offices, fast food restaurants and even gas stations.
Moreover, the recent free digital signage software introduction will further expand the "pool" of potential users of this technology. It will now be attractive to smaller businesses (that may have otherwise found this technology too expensive), as well as to "non-profits" such as schools, universities and churches. Because of these reasons, the total emergence of digital signage is still a distance away.
A biggest advantage is that Digital signage offers superior returns on the investments made. It is seen on the higher side when compared to traditional means like home TV, radio, newspapers etc. Digital signs may be scrolling message boards, LCD or plasma display panels, electronic billboards, projection screens, or other emerging display types like living surfaces or Organic LED screens (OLEDs) that can be controlled electronically using a computer, allowing individuals or groups to remotely change and control their content (usually via the web medium).
The content displayed on digital signage screens can range from simple text and still images to full-motion video, with or without the audio help. Some operators of digital signage networks --the retail industry in particular-- regard their networks as comparable to TV channels that display entertainment and information contents interspersed with advertisements.
Digital signage, where can it be different used?
1. Information (airports, stations and bus depots etc.);
2. Locational Advertising (in-store promotional advg. in a big retail establishment like malls, super bazaars);
3. Advertising by Third Parties (Digital Advertising Companies that sell advertising space to local merchants/service providers, media resellers and national advertisers);
4. Enhanced Customer Experience (include digital signage in restaurant waiting areas to reduce perceived wait-time and recipe demonstrations in food stores);
5. Influencing Customer Behavior (include post office digital signage that directs patrons waiting in line to automated stamp machines and retail digital signage designed to direct customers to different areas of the store, increasing the time spent on the store premises (dwell time)
6. Brand Building (include Niketown stores where digital signage in video form is used as a part of the store décor to build a story around the brand);
7. Follow-through campaign information to store manager (within chain establishment).
However, amidst all this developments, a point that deserves to be noted is the price-reduction of large plasma and LCD screens and the availability of Internet. These factors have, more or less, helped digital signage to gain in popularity, and displays can now be found in such diverse locations as retail outlets, transit hubs (like airports or bus stations), doctor's offices, fast food restaurants and even gas stations.
Moreover, the recent free digital signage software introduction will further expand the "pool" of potential users of this technology. It will now be attractive to smaller businesses (that may have otherwise found this technology too expensive), as well as to "non-profits" such as schools, universities and churches. Because of these reasons, the total emergence of digital signage is still a distance away.
Data center: definition & classification
Definition: A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. It generally includes redundant or backup power supplies, redundant data communications connections, environmental controls (air conditioning, fire suppression, etc.), and special security devices.
Data center classification
The TIA-942: Data Center Standards Overview describes the requirements for the data center infrastructure. The simplest among the four tiers is a Tier 1 data center, which is basically a computer room, following basic guidelines for the installation of computer systems. The most stringent level is a Tier 4 data center, which is designed to host mission critical computer systems, with fully redundant sub-systems and compartmentalized security zones controlled by biometric access controls methods.
Data center classification
The TIA-942: Data Center Standards Overview describes the requirements for the data center infrastructure. The simplest among the four tiers is a Tier 1 data center, which is basically a computer room, following basic guidelines for the installation of computer systems. The most stringent level is a Tier 4 data center, which is designed to host mission critical computer systems, with fully redundant sub-systems and compartmentalized security zones controlled by biometric access controls methods.
Wednesday, November 14, 2007
Touch Screen Technology & Applications
Touch screen is an input device that facilitates users to manage navigation simply by touching the display screen and the ability to exhibit and obtain information on the same screen and is ideal for wide variety of computing applications.
Touch screen also enable a display to be used as an input device instead of keyboard and mouse as the primary input device for interrelating the demonstrated content. These displays can be connected to computers or as terminals, to networks. Touch Screens not only helped current transformations in the PDA, portable game consoles and Cell-Phone Industries but also enhanced their utility.
Applications:
Touch screen has opened new and lucrative business opportunities and attracted new customers. Nowadays they are used in a wide array of application such as, point-of-sale systems, gaming, entertainment, multimedia, automobile industries, market researches, ATM’s, banks, public information displays and industrial control systems.
Touch screens are widely used in heavy industries and in other circumstances, like museum displays and room automation as keyboard and mouse do not facilitate rapid and precise interaction by the user with the displayed content.
Display manufacturers and System on Chip (SOC) manufacturers all over the world have recognized touch screen as most sought after interface component and have initiated the process of incorporating touch screen functionality into the fundamental design of their products.
Touch screen also enable a display to be used as an input device instead of keyboard and mouse as the primary input device for interrelating the demonstrated content. These displays can be connected to computers or as terminals, to networks. Touch Screens not only helped current transformations in the PDA, portable game consoles and Cell-Phone Industries but also enhanced their utility.
Applications:
Touch screen has opened new and lucrative business opportunities and attracted new customers. Nowadays they are used in a wide array of application such as, point-of-sale systems, gaming, entertainment, multimedia, automobile industries, market researches, ATM’s, banks, public information displays and industrial control systems.
Touch screens are widely used in heavy industries and in other circumstances, like museum displays and room automation as keyboard and mouse do not facilitate rapid and precise interaction by the user with the displayed content.
Display manufacturers and System on Chip (SOC) manufacturers all over the world have recognized touch screen as most sought after interface component and have initiated the process of incorporating touch screen functionality into the fundamental design of their products.
Raritan Company & Products Overview
Established in 1985, Raritan, Inc. is a worldwide supplier of Cat5 KVM, KVM over IP, serial-over-IP, power, server, network monitoring and management solutions. With over 22 years of experience, presence in over 76 countries and 38 offices across the world they offer extremely dependable, elastic, scalable and secure solutions to observe and control IT infrastructures, that not only curtail downtime but also enhance operational productivity.
Their wide product range manage, examine, access and control million of servers at more than 50,000 data centers, computer test labs, server rooms and remote offices across the globe. Raritan’s, OEM division, with headquarter located at Zwickau, Germany, develop, manufacture and market embedded and chip-based remote management products based on KVM-over-IP and IPMI technology.
Raritan’s long list of clientele includes universal names such as, IBM, Intel, JP Morgan Chase, Microsoft, the United States Post Office and NASA. Their high quality products and solutions permits business to effectively monitor, access, control and manage several servers and other IT devices from any location round the clock, irrespective of their size.
If you want to buy KVM switches from leading manufacturers. Check us out http://www.i-techcompany.com/
Types of Touch Screen Technology (continued...)
Touch screen refers to a computer display screen that permits a user to interact with the computer simply by touching pictures or words on the screen.
Types of touch screen technology:
Resistive: Resistive touch screen panels are covered by a layer of electrically conductive and resistive thin metal which brings a transformation in the electrical current that is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing. They are usually highly cost effective and remain unaffected by outside elements like, air and water, but provide merely 75% clarity and the layer is vulnerable to sharp objects.
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW): Surface Acoustic Wave is one of the most advanced touch screen technology but can be damaged by outside elements. They use ultrasonic waves that pass through the touch screen panel and in the process absorb a portion of the wave. These transformations in the ultrasonic waves record the position of the touch event and propel this information to the controller for processing.
Capacitive: Capacitive touch screen panels are covered with material that stores electrical charges. When the panel is touched, a marginal amount of charge is drawn to the point of contact. Circuits located at every corner of the panel measure the charge and pass the information to the controller for processing. These touch screens possess high clarity and stay unaffected by outside elements.
Infrared: There are two methods of using Infrared touch screen technology:
A.) Thermal stimulated changes of the surface resistance.
B.) An arrangement of vertical and horizontal IR sensors that identify the disruption of a modulated light beam in the vicinity of the surface in the screen.
IR touch screens possess the most resilient surfaces and are widely used in numerous military applications that need a touch panel display.
Dispersive Signal Technology: Dispersive Signal Technology uses sensors to identify the mechanical energy in the glass that takes place due to a touch. Intricate algorithms deduce the information and give us the exact position of the touch. The technology provides exceptional optical clarity and remains unaffected by dust and other outside elements.
Acoustic Pulse Recognition: Acoustic Pulse Recognition is a technological process that uses over two piezoelectric transducers positioned at similar places of the screen to convert the mechanical energy of a touch into an electronic signal. Thereafter, electronic signal is transformed into an audio file, and then judged against pre-existing audio profile for every position on the screen. This method is highly precise and doesn’t require a conductive object to activate it.
Types of touch screen technology:
Resistive: Resistive touch screen panels are covered by a layer of electrically conductive and resistive thin metal which brings a transformation in the electrical current that is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing. They are usually highly cost effective and remain unaffected by outside elements like, air and water, but provide merely 75% clarity and the layer is vulnerable to sharp objects.
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW): Surface Acoustic Wave is one of the most advanced touch screen technology but can be damaged by outside elements. They use ultrasonic waves that pass through the touch screen panel and in the process absorb a portion of the wave. These transformations in the ultrasonic waves record the position of the touch event and propel this information to the controller for processing.
Capacitive: Capacitive touch screen panels are covered with material that stores electrical charges. When the panel is touched, a marginal amount of charge is drawn to the point of contact. Circuits located at every corner of the panel measure the charge and pass the information to the controller for processing. These touch screens possess high clarity and stay unaffected by outside elements.
Infrared: There are two methods of using Infrared touch screen technology:
A.) Thermal stimulated changes of the surface resistance.
B.) An arrangement of vertical and horizontal IR sensors that identify the disruption of a modulated light beam in the vicinity of the surface in the screen.
IR touch screens possess the most resilient surfaces and are widely used in numerous military applications that need a touch panel display.
Dispersive Signal Technology: Dispersive Signal Technology uses sensors to identify the mechanical energy in the glass that takes place due to a touch. Intricate algorithms deduce the information and give us the exact position of the touch. The technology provides exceptional optical clarity and remains unaffected by dust and other outside elements.
Acoustic Pulse Recognition: Acoustic Pulse Recognition is a technological process that uses over two piezoelectric transducers positioned at similar places of the screen to convert the mechanical energy of a touch into an electronic signal. Thereafter, electronic signal is transformed into an audio file, and then judged against pre-existing audio profile for every position on the screen. This method is highly precise and doesn’t require a conductive object to activate it.
Types of touch screen technology
Infrared:
There are two methods of using Infrared touch screen technology:
A.) Thermal stimulated changes of the surface resistance.
B.) An arrangement of vertical and horizontal IR sensors that identify the disruption of a modulated light beam in the vicinity of the surface in the screen.
IR touch screens possess the most resilient surfaces and are widely used in numerous military applications that need a touch panel display.
Strain Gauge: In this method the screen is spring mounted on the four corners and strain gauges are employed to find out deflection whenever the screen is touched. They are used to safeguard touch screen railway ticket machines from destruction.
Optical Imaging: Optical imaging refers to a touch screen technological process where two or more image sensors are located around the edges of the screen. Infrared backlights are positioned in the camera field of view on the other sides of the screen. A touch turns up as a shadow and every pair of cameras can be easily triangulated to locate the touch. Optical Imaging technology is gradually catching strides as it is extremely scaleable, useful and cost effective.
Dispersive Signal Technology:
Dispersive Signal Technology uses sensors to identify the mechanical energy in the glass that takes place due to a touch. Intricate algorithms deduce the information and give us the exact position of the touch. The technology provides exceptional optical clarity and remains unaffected by dust and other outside elements.
Acoustic Pulse Recognition: Acoustic Pulse Recognition is a technological process that uses over two piezoelectric transducers positioned at similar places of the screen to convert the mechanical energy of a touch into an electronic signal. Thereafter, electronic signal is transformed into an audio file, and then judged against pre-existing audio profile for every position on the screen. This method is highly precise and doesn’t require a conductive object to activate it.
Strain Gauge: In this method the screen is spring mounted on the four corners and strain gauges are employed to find out deflection whenever the screen is touched. They are used to safeguard touch screen railway ticket machines from destruction.
Optical Imaging: Optical imaging refers to a touch screen technological process where two or more image sensors are located around the edges of the screen. Infrared backlights are positioned in the camera field of view on the other sides of the screen. A touch turns up as a shadow and every pair of cameras can be easily triangulated to locate the touch. Optical Imaging technology is gradually catching strides as it is extremely scaleable, useful and cost effective.
There are two methods of using Infrared touch screen technology:
A.) Thermal stimulated changes of the surface resistance.
B.) An arrangement of vertical and horizontal IR sensors that identify the disruption of a modulated light beam in the vicinity of the surface in the screen.
IR touch screens possess the most resilient surfaces and are widely used in numerous military applications that need a touch panel display.
Strain Gauge: In this method the screen is spring mounted on the four corners and strain gauges are employed to find out deflection whenever the screen is touched. They are used to safeguard touch screen railway ticket machines from destruction.
Optical Imaging: Optical imaging refers to a touch screen technological process where two or more image sensors are located around the edges of the screen. Infrared backlights are positioned in the camera field of view on the other sides of the screen. A touch turns up as a shadow and every pair of cameras can be easily triangulated to locate the touch. Optical Imaging technology is gradually catching strides as it is extremely scaleable, useful and cost effective.
Dispersive Signal Technology:
Dispersive Signal Technology uses sensors to identify the mechanical energy in the glass that takes place due to a touch. Intricate algorithms deduce the information and give us the exact position of the touch. The technology provides exceptional optical clarity and remains unaffected by dust and other outside elements.
Acoustic Pulse Recognition: Acoustic Pulse Recognition is a technological process that uses over two piezoelectric transducers positioned at similar places of the screen to convert the mechanical energy of a touch into an electronic signal. Thereafter, electronic signal is transformed into an audio file, and then judged against pre-existing audio profile for every position on the screen. This method is highly precise and doesn’t require a conductive object to activate it.
Strain Gauge: In this method the screen is spring mounted on the four corners and strain gauges are employed to find out deflection whenever the screen is touched. They are used to safeguard touch screen railway ticket machines from destruction.
Optical Imaging: Optical imaging refers to a touch screen technological process where two or more image sensors are located around the edges of the screen. Infrared backlights are positioned in the camera field of view on the other sides of the screen. A touch turns up as a shadow and every pair of cameras can be easily triangulated to locate the touch. Optical Imaging technology is gradually catching strides as it is extremely scaleable, useful and cost effective.
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